Parmesan Risotto Histamine Information

Parmesan risotto, a staple in Italian cuisine, traditionally contains Arborio rice, Parmesan cheese, onion, butter, wine, and stock. Based on these ingredients, it's important to look at their potential impact on histamine levels. Parmesan, as a long-ripened hard cheese, can contain high histamine levels. Aging cheeses increases histamine quantity, and parmesan, in particular, undergoes a long ripening process contributing notable histamine levels (Linares DM, del Rio B, Ladero V, et al. Journal Applied Microbiology, 2011). Arborio rice, onion, butter, and stock do not generally contribute to histamine levels or histamine release. They're not listed as substantial histamine producers, liberators, or inhibitors, thus considering them neutral in this context (Maintz L, Novak N – American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007). Wine, especially red, has a high either naturally or through fermentation processes. Additionally, alcohol impedes the efficient breakdown of histamine in the body slowing the histamine-clearing process (Maintz L, Novak N – American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007). Regardless, the individual ingredients' impact can vary depending on an individual's sensitivity to histamine, the age of the ingredients, and how they're stored or prepared. These factors might lead to a higher or lower histamine composition of the finished dish. In conclusion, Parmesan risotto, given its ingredients, can contribute to increased histamine levels mainly because of Parmesan and wine's involvement. Remember, individual reactions may vary, and those with histamine intolerance should consider these factors before consuming the dish. References: - Linares DM, del Rio B, Ladero V, et al. Factors influencing biogenic amines accumulation in dairy products. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2012;3:180. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00180 - Maintz L, Novak N. Histamine and histamine intolerance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007 May;85(5):1185-96. PMID: 17490952.